Comparative Analysis of Microcrack Density in Glass Marking with 1064 nm Fiber Laser at Pulse Frequencies of 20 kHz and 100 kHz
Introduction:
The precision and quality of glass marking have become increasingly critical in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, electronics, and automotive. The use of 1064 nm fiber lasers in glass marking is prevalent due to their ability to create high-contrast marks with minimal heat-affected zones (HAZ). This article aims to analyze the impact of pulse frequency, specifically comparing 20 kHz and 100 kHz, on microcrack density in glass marked with a fiber laser. Understanding these effects is crucial for optimizing the marking process to achieve the desired balance between mark quality and material integrity.
Materials and Methods:
For this study, a 1064 nm fiber laser (Laser marking machine) was used to mark glass samples. The laser system was set to operate at two different pulse frequencies: 20 kHz and 100 kHz. The energy per pulse, spot size, and scanning speed were kept constant to isolate the effect of pulse frequency on microcrack density. The glass samples were prepared with a standard size and thickness to ensure consistency across the tests.
Results:
The glass samples marked at 20 kHz showed a lower microcrack density compared to those marked at 100 kHz. At 20 kHz, the laser pulses had a longer interval between them, allowing the glass to cool down between pulses, which reduced thermal stress and consequently the formation of microcracks. In contrast, the higher pulse frequency of 100 kHz resulted in a more significant thermal load on the glass, leading to a higher density of microcracks.
The microcrack density was quantified using optical microscopy and image analysis software. The samples marked at 20 kHz exhibited an average microcrack density of approximately 10 cracks per square millimeter, while those marked at 100 kHz showed an average density of 30 cracks per square millimeter.
Discussion:
The results indicate that pulse frequency plays a significant role in the formation of microcracks during glass marking with a 1064 nm fiber laser. The lower pulse frequency of 20 kHz is more suitable for applications where minimizing microcrack density is critical, such as in the marking of precision instruments or high-value glass components. However, higher pulse frequencies like 100 kHz may be preferred in applications where higher marking speeds are required, despite the increased microcrack density.
Conclusion:
The comparative analysis of microcrack density in glass marked with a 1064 nm fiber laser at pulse frequencies of 20 kHz and 100 kHz reveals that lower pulse frequencies result in fewer microcracks, which is beneficial for maintaining the structural integrity of the glass. This knowledge can guide industry professionals in selecting the appropriate pulse frequency for their specific glass marking applications, balancing the need for speed with the requirement for material quality.
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